> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://ngquct-worktree-statusbar-redesign.mintlify.site/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# Cassandra / ScyllaDB

> Connect to Cassandra and ScyllaDB clusters, browse keyspaces, and run CQL queries

# Cassandra / ScyllaDB Connections

TablePro supports Apache Cassandra 3.11+ and ScyllaDB 4.0+ via the CQL native protocol. Browse keyspaces, inspect table structures, view materialized views, and run CQL queries from the editor.

## Quick setup

Click **New Connection**, select **Cassandra** or **ScyllaDB**, enter host/port/credentials/keyspace, and click **Create**.

## Connection settings

| Field        | Default     | Notes                      |
| ------------ | ----------- | -------------------------- |
| **Host**     | `localhost` | CQL contact point          |
| **Port**     | `9042`      | CQL native port            |
| **Keyspace** | -           | Leave empty for local dev  |
| **Username** | -           | Disable auth for local dev |
| **Password** | -           |                            |

## Connection URL

```text theme={null}
cassandra://user:password@host:9042/keyspace
```

See [Connection URL Reference](/databases/connection-urls#cassandra--scylladb) for all parameters.

## Example configurations

**Local**: host `localhost:9042`, no auth
**Docker**: `cassandra:latest`, user/pass `cassandra:cassandra`
**DataStax Astra DB**: Port 29042, use Client ID/Secret, needs Secure Connect Bundle (SSL/TLS)
**Remote**: Use [SSH tunneling](/databases/ssh-tunneling) for production

## Amazon Keyspaces (IAM)

Set **Authentication** to an AWS IAM mode (Access Key, Profile, or SSO) to connect to Amazon Keyspaces with SigV4 signing instead of a password. Enter the AWS region and enable TLS, which Keyspaces requires (use the `cassandra.{region}.amazonaws.com` endpoint on port 9142). Profiles resolve from `~/.aws/config` and `~/.aws/credentials`, including `credential_process`, SSO, and assumed roles.

**SSL/TLS**: The Cassandra driver has no TLS fallback. **Preferred** behaves the same as **Required** (the SSL pane shows a warning). Use **Required** for AstraDB, **Verify CA** with a CA certificate path for private PKI. For mutual TLS, set the client certificate and key paths; if the key is encrypted, enter its passphrase in the **Key Passphrase** field (stored in the Keychain). See [SSL/TLS](/features/ssl) for details.

## Features

**Keyspace Browsing**: Sidebar lists keyspaces with tables, materialized views, UDTs, secondary indexes. Click to view data.

**Table Structure**: Columns (name, type, clustering order), partition key, clustering columns, secondary indexes, table options (compaction, compression, TTL, gc\_grace\_seconds).

**Materialized Views**: Browse alongside tables. Shows definition, base table, column mappings.

**Data Grid**: Pagination. Type-aware formatting: text (plain), int/bigint/varint (numbers), uuid/timeuuid (formatted), timestamp (configurable), map/set/list/tuple (formatted collections), blob (hex).

### CQL editor

Execute CQL statements directly in the editor tab:

```sql theme={null}
-- Select with partition key restriction
SELECT * FROM users WHERE user_id = 123e4567-e89b-12d3-a456-426614174000;

-- Insert data
INSERT INTO users (user_id, name, email, created_at)
VALUES (uuid(), 'Alice', 'alice@example.com', toTimestamp(now()));

-- Update with TTL
UPDATE users USING TTL 86400
SET email = 'new@example.com'
WHERE user_id = 123e4567-e89b-12d3-a456-426614174000;

-- Delete
DELETE FROM users WHERE user_id = 123e4567-e89b-12d3-a456-426614174000;

-- Create table
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS events (
    event_id timeuuid,
    user_id uuid,
    event_type text,
    payload text,
    PRIMARY KEY ((user_id), event_id)
) WITH CLUSTERING ORDER BY (event_id DESC);

-- Create index
CREATE INDEX ON users (email);

-- Describe table
DESCRIBE TABLE users;
```

## CQL-specific notes

**No JOINs**: Denormalize data across multiple tables instead.

**No subqueries**: Break into multiple sequential statements.

**Partition Key Requirement**: Every SELECT must include full partition key in WHERE, or use `ALLOW FILTERING` (cluster scan, slow in prod).

**ALLOW FILTERING Warning**: Full cluster scan. OK for dev, not for production. TablePro shows warning.

**Lightweight Transactions**: Conditional writes with `IF`: `INSERT INTO users (...) IF NOT EXISTS;` `UPDATE users SET email = 'new' WHERE user_id = ? IF email = 'old';`

**TTL and Writetime**: `INSERT INTO cache (...) USING TTL 3600;` `SELECT TTL(value), WRITETIME(value) FROM cache WHERE key = 'k1';`

## Troubleshooting

**Connection refused**: Check Cassandra running (`nodetool status`), verify port 9042 in `cassandra.yaml`, check `rpc_address` and `listen_address`.

**Auth failed**: Verify credentials, check `authenticator: PasswordAuthenticator` in `cassandra.yaml`. Default superuser: `cassandra:cassandra`

**Timeout**: Verify host/port, check network/firewall (port 9042), whitelist IP for cloud-hosted, increase timeout in Advanced.

**Read timeout**: Include full partition key in WHERE, remove `ALLOW FILTERING`, check cluster health with `nodetool`, use `LIMIT`.

**Limitations**: Multi-DC not configurable, UDFs/UDAs in CQL but not sidebar, counter columns read-only (use editor), large partitions paginated. Structure editing supports add and drop column. Other schema changes (modify column type, indexes, primary key) require the CQL editor.

**Performance**: Include partition key, avoid `ALLOW FILTERING` in prod, use `LIMIT`, use `TOKEN()` for range scans.